Trademark Class 45 in Nepal — Legal & Security Services (What It Covers, Full List & How to File)

Trademark Class 45 in Nepal covers legal services, security services for physical protection, and personal or social services. You register it with the Department of Industry (DoI) under the Patent, Design and Trademark Act 1965. The process takes about 12–14 months when unopposed, and the registration lasts 7 years, renewable indefinitely.

Key Takeaways

• Class 45 is the legal and security services class—law firms, security agencies, IP consultancies, and personal/social services.
• It includes intellectual-property consultancy, licensing, and IP-rights monitoring—the work behind trademark protection is itself a Class 45 service.
• Physical security (guarding, alarms, investigations) is Class 45, but cyber-security is Class 42 and secure transport is Class 39.
• Nepal’s law firms, IP consultancies, security agencies, dating services, and funeral providers file in Class 45.
• One application covers one NICE class—if your business spans multiple classes, you need separate filings.
• Register with the DoI for a 7-year term, renewable every 7 years.
• The 90-day opposition window starts after publication in the Industrial Property Bulletin.

What does Trademark Class 45 cover in Nepal?

Trademark Class 45 in Nepal covers legal services, security services for the physical protection of property and people, and personal or social services. It includes law firms, security agencies, intellectual-property consultancies, dating services, funeral providers, and social-networking platforms. The class also covers IP consultancy, licensing, and rights monitoring—the professional work of protecting trademarks is itself a Class 45 service.

Full list of services in Class 45

The NICE Classification (12-2024 edition) lists these services under Class 45. In Nepal, you must specify the exact services your business offers when filing your trademark application.

• Legal services: Legal advocacy, litigation, mediation, arbitration, legal research, legal drafting, notary services, legal consultancy, legal process serving, legal watching, regulatory compliance auditing, legal advice in tenders, immigration law, child protection law.
• Intellectual-property services: IP consultancy, IP licensing, software licensing, copyright management, IP-rights monitoring, domain-name registration (legal services).
• Security and investigation services: Security guarding, night guarding, personal bodyguarding, remote security monitoring, burglar-alarm monitoring, medical-alarm monitoring, detective agency services, personal background investigations, missing-person investigations, fire-fighting, lifeguard services, security-lock opening, safety inspections, occupational safety consultancy, security screening, drone surveillance, law enforcement, rental of security equipment (alarms, extinguishers, safes, guard dogs, protective clothing, life jackets, diving suits, video cameras).
• Personal and social services: Dating services, marriage agencies, social introduction agencies, online social networking, content moderation for chatrooms, personal shopping, wardrobe styling, colour analysis, concierge services, astrology, horoscope, tarot, spiritual consultancy, genealogical research, house sitting, pet sitting, dog walking, personal letter writing, organising personal possessions, non-medical in-home care, adoption agency services, babysitting, doula services, bereavement counselling, chaperoning, kimono dressing, line sitting, clothing rental.
• Ceremonial and social services: Funeral services, religious ceremonies, burial services, crematorium services, embalming, mortuary cosmetology, releasing doves for special occasions, wedding planning, political and religious meetings, political lobbying.

For the complete alphabetical index, see the WIPO Class 45 page.

What Class 45 does not include

Class 45 excludes services that belong in other NICE classes. Here’s what you should file under instead:

The rule of thumb: legal, physical security, and personal/social services are Class 45, but cyber-security is Class 42, secure transport is Class 39, and party planning is Class 41.

Who files in Class 45 in Nepal?

In Nepal, businesses that provide legal, security, or personal/social services file trademark applications in Class 45. This includes:

• Law firms and legal consultancies – protecting their brand name and reputation.
• Intellectual-property consultancies – like IP Sewa, which helps businesses register trademarks, patents, and designs.
• Security agencies and guarding services – protecting their brand for physical security services.
• Private investigators and detective agencies – securing their business name.
• Dating agencies and social-networking platforms – protecting their service brand.
• Funeral service providers – securing their business name and reputation.
• Personal concierge and lifestyle services – protecting their brand for personal assistance.

If you’re unsure whether your service fits in Class 45, use our NICE Class Finder or AI NICE Classifier to confirm.

How to register a trademark in Class 45 in Nepal

Registering a trademark in Class 45 in Nepal involves these steps. The process typically takes 12–14 months when unopposed, but can be as fast as 6–8 months in straightforward cases.

1. Search existing marks. Before filing, check if your mark is already registered in Class 45. Use our trademark database search or search by NICE class to see if a similar mark exists. This helps avoid conflicts and refusals.
2. Confirm Class 45 fits your services. Double-check that your services belong in Class 45. For example, if you offer cyber-security, that’s Class 42, not Class 45. Use our NICE Class Finder or AI NICE Classifier to confirm.
3. Prepare your documents. You’ll need:
   • A completed trademark application form.
   • A clear representation of your mark (logo, wordmark, or combination).
   • A precise description of the services you offer in Class 45.
   • A notarised Power of Attorney if you’re filing through an agent.
   • A board resolution if you’re a company.
   • A certificate of industry and tax clearance letter if you’re a Nepali business.
4. File your application with the Department of Industry. Submit your application and documents to the DoI. You can file directly or through a local agent if you’re a foreign applicant. The DoI will issue an acknowledgment with your application number.
5. Examination and publication. The DoI examines your application for conflicts and distinctiveness. If approved, your mark is published in the Industrial Property Bulletin for public opposition.
6. 90-day opposition window. After publication, third parties have 90 days to oppose your mark. If no opposition is filed, your mark proceeds to registration.
7. Registration and certificate. If unopposed, pay the registration fee and receive your trademark registration certificate. Your mark is now protected for 7 years, renewable indefinitely.

Documents you need to file in Class 45

To register a trademark in Class 45 in Nepal, you must submit these documents to the Department of Industry:

• Trademark application form – completed and signed.
• Representation of the mark – a clear image or description of your logo, wordmark, or combination mark.
• Service specification – a precise list of the Class 45 services you offer (e.g., "legal services," "security guarding services," "IP consultancy").
• Notarised Power of Attorney – if you’re filing through an agent or representative. It must be signed, sealed, and attested by two witnesses.
• Board resolution – if you’re a company, a resolution authorising the trademark filing.
• Certificate of industry – if you’re a Nepali business, proof of your industry registration.
• Tax clearance letter – if you’re a Nepali business, your latest tax clearance certificate.
• Priority claim documents – if you’re claiming priority under the Paris Convention, a certified copy of your home application or registration.

Foreign applicants must file through a Nepal-based agent and provide a notarised copy of their home registration certificate in English.

Timeline for Class 45 trademark registration

The trademark registration process in Nepal typically takes 12–14 months when unopposed. Here’s a breakdown of the timeline:

• Filing to examination: ~3–4 months. The DoI reviews your application for conflicts and distinctiveness.
• Examination to publication: ~2–3 months. If approved, your mark is published in the Industrial Property Bulletin.
• Publication to opposition window: 90 days. Third parties can oppose your mark during this period.
• Opposition to registration: ~3–4 months. If no opposition is filed, the DoI issues your registration certificate.
• Total timeline (unopposed): ~12–14 months. In straightforward cases, it can take as little as 6–8 months.

If your application faces objections or oppositions, the process may take longer. Our team can help you navigate the process and respond to any issues quickly.

Cost factors for Class 45 trademark registration

The cost of registering a trademark in Class 45 in Nepal depends on several factors. While we don’t list specific fees, here’s what drives the total cost:

• Government fees: The DoI charges fees for filing, examination, publication, and registration. These fees are per class—since Nepal files one application per class, each additional class increases the cost.
• Professional fees: If you hire an agent or consultancy (like IP Sewa) to handle your filing, their fees will depend on the complexity of your application and the services you need.
• Document preparation: Costs for notarising documents, translating foreign certificates, and preparing your service specification.
• Opposition or objections: If your application faces opposition or examiner objections, responding to these may incur additional costs.

For an estimate tailored to your business, use our trademark fee calculator or contact us for a detailed quote.

Legal basis for Class 45 trademark registration

Trademark registration in Nepal is governed by the Patent, Design and Trademark Act 1965 (PDTA). Key sections relevant to Class 45 include:

• Sec. 2(c) – Defines a trademark as a word, symbol, picture, or combination used to distinguish goods or services.
• Sec. 18 – Outlines the grounds for trademark registration, including distinctiveness and lack of conflicts with existing marks.
• Sec. 18A – Requires a separate application for each NICE class, with per-class fees.
• Sec. 21A – Mandates publication in the Industrial Property Bulletin and the 90-day opposition window.
• Sec. 23B – Sets the 7-year term for trademark registration and the renewal process.

Nepal follows the first-to-file principle—rights go to the first valid applicant, not the first user. This makes early filing critical for protecting your brand.

Common mistakes when filing in Class 45

Businesses often make these mistakes when registering trademarks in Class 45 in Nepal:

• Confusing physical security with cyber-security. Physical guarding and alarm monitoring are Class 45, but cyber-security consultancy is Class 42. Many security firms file only in Class 45, leaving their cyber services unprotected.
• Filing business consultancy in Class 4
• as legal services. Only legal consultancy belongs in Class 45. General business or regulatory consultancy is Class 35. A compliance firm offering both legal and non-legal advice must file in both classes.
• Overlooking secure transport. Security companies that provide cash-in-transit or armoured transport often assume it’s Class 45. In reality, secure transport is Class 39—filing only in Class 45 leaves this line of business exposed.
• Vague service descriptions. Describing your services as "legal services" or "security services" is too broad. The DoI requires precise terms like "intellectual-property consultancy," "security guarding services," or "funeral planning." A vague description can lead to objections or weak enforcement.
• Missing multi-class filings. A law firm that also offers legal-tech software (Class 42) or a security agency with cyber-security (Class 42) and secure transport (Class 39) must file in all relevant classes. Nepal’s one-application-per-class rule means each class requires a separate filing.
• Ignoring the opposition window. After publication in the Industrial Property Bulletin, third parties have 90 days to oppose your mark. Many applicants assume approval is final—missing this window can delay or derail registration.
• Filing without a clearance search. Skipping a trademark search risks conflicts with existing marks. The DoI examines for similarity, but a pre-filing search helps avoid refusals and wasted fees.

Avoid these mistakes by using our trademark conflict checker and NICE Class Finder before filing.

A Nepal example: Protecting a security brand

Imagine Himalayan Shield Security, a Kathmandu-based security company. It offers:

• Physical security services – guarding offices, malls, and events (Class 45).
• Cyber-security consultancy – protecting clients from online threats (Class 42).
• Secure cash-in-transit – transporting valuables for banks (Class 39).

If Himalayan Shield files only in Class 45, its cyber-security and transport services remain unprotected. Competitors could register the same name in Class 42 or 39, diluting the brand. To fully protect its business, Himalayan Shield must file three separate applications—one for each class.

This example shows why mapping your services to the correct NICE classes is critical. Use our AI NICE Classifier to identify all relevant classes for your business.

Alternatives and edge cases in Class 45

Class 45 covers a wide range of services, but some edge cases require careful consideration:

• Hybrid services. A business offering both legal advice (Class 45) and business consultancy (Class 35) must file in both classes. The same applies to a security agency providing physical guarding (Class 45) and cyber-security (Class 42).
• Online vs. offline services. A dating app (Class 45) and a social media platform (Class 42) may seem similar, but the distinction lies in their primary function. If the service focuses on personal introductions, it’s Class 45; if it’s a general social network, it’s Class 42.
• Foreign applicants. Nepal is not part of the Madrid System, so foreign businesses must file directly with the DoI through a local agent. If you’re claiming priority under the Paris Convention, you must file within 6 months of your home application.
• Well-known marks. If your mark is already well-known in Nepal (e.g., a global law firm or security brand), you may qualify for protection even without registration. However, registration strengthens your rights and simplifies enforcement.
• Non-profit and social services. Charities and NGOs providing personal or social services (e.g., adoption agencies, bereavement counselling) file in Class 45. However, if they also offer education (Class 41) or medical care (Class 44), they must file in those classes as well.

If your business falls into one of these edge cases, our team can help you navigate the filing process and ensure full protection.

Why precise Class 45 filing matters

For businesses in legal, security, and personal services, a trademark is more than a name—it’s the foundation of trust. Clients rely on your brand for their rights, safety, and personal needs. A precise Class 45 filing protects that trust by:

• Securing your priority date. Nepal follows first-to-file—the first valid applicant wins. Filing early ensures no one else can register your mark.
• Defining your scope of protection. A well-drafted service specification (e.g., "intellectual-property consultancy" instead of "legal services") makes your registration stronger and easier to enforce.
• Preventing conflicts. A thorough trademark search and correct class selection reduce the risk of objections or oppositions.
• Enabling enforcement. A registered trademark gives you the legal right to stop copycats and infringers. Without registration, your options are limited to passing off, which is harder to prove.
• Supporting business growth. A registered mark makes it easier to license your brand, expand into new services, or enter foreign markets under the Paris Convention.

For law firms, IP consultancies, and security agencies, an early and precise Class 45 filing isn’t just paperwork—it’s an investment in your reputation and future.

In short

• Class 45 covers legal services, physical security, IP consultancy, and personal/social services in Nepal.
• It includes law firms, security agencies, dating services, funeral providers, and IP consultancies—like the work behind trademark protection itself.
• Cyber-security (Class 42), secure transport (Class 39), and business consultancy (Class 35) are not in Class 45.
• Nepal files one application per class, so businesses spanning multiple classes need separate filings.
• The process takes 12–14 months when unopposed, with a 90-day opposition window after publication.
• Registration lasts 7 years, renewable indefinitely.
• Common mistakes include confusing physical and cyber-security, vague service descriptions, and missing multi-class filings.
• For law firms and security agencies, an early and precise Class 45 filing protects the brand clients trust.

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Ready to protect your brand? Start with a trademark search or contact our team to file your Class 45 application. For a quick estimate, use our trademark fee calculator.